

Garfield, Member of Congress from Ohio, we were shown the following demonstration of the pons asinorum, which he had hit upon in some mathematical amusements and discussions with other M. The article, which only takes the bottom third of one column, begins, "In a personal interview with Gen. Later that year, the proof was published in the New-England Journal of Education (now known simply as the Journal of Education). In a Madiary entry, Garfield, then a congressman from Ohio, mentioned showing a new proof to a mathematics professor at Dartmouth University. As with many true things, there are multiple ways to prove this theorem. The square of the hypotenuse, the longest side, is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides, or more familiarly, a 2+b 2=c 2. The Pythagorean theorem describes the relationship between the side lengths of a right triangle. It is not clear how he became involved with one of the most famous theorems in geometry.

Garfield was an intelligent man who studied some math in college, but contemporary documents tend to highlight his skills and interests in preaching, debate and English rather than mathematics. Had an unstable, delusional stalker's bullets and nineteenth-century medical "care" not cut short his life just six months into his presidency, he would be 181 today (more on that later). Lesley Farrell is Director of Focal Point Gallery in Southend.James Abram Garfield was born on this day, November 19, in 1831. Professor Amelia Jones is Head of Art History and Visual Studies at the University of Manchester. Matthew Shaul is Head of Programming and Operations at University of Hertfordshire Galleries. Her PhD is interdisciplinary, spanning art practice and critical writing and is concerned with issues of ideology, visibility and invisibility in representations of contemporary British Jewry. She studied for her MA in Fine Art at Central St Martins. Garfield's work has been shown in London at the Whitechapel Gallery, the Barbican Art Gallery, the Ben Uri Gallery and at Syracuse University in New York. Rachel Garfield is a London-based painter, writer and video artist whose work explores identity, racism and belonging. With an Introduction by Lesley Farrell, an essay on the intellectual origins of Nazi Germany's anti-Jewish revolution by Matthew Shaul, and 'The Undecidability of Difference', an essay by Amelia Jones on the work of Rachel Garfield.

The viewer is never offered pointers as to how they 'ought' to respond. Throughout her work stereotypes are placed alongside the subject of those stereotypes to present us with a complex, multifaceted view of the individuals concerned and their relationship to their communities and histories. Her video work in particular examines the history of racism and xenophobia in Europe and explores the experience of being part of ethnic-minority communities in Britain, through the narratives that people tell about their lives.

The presence of the artist herself as both subject and interviewer is also a recurring feature. All her works layer multiple experiences and viewpoints. Artist Rachel Garfield uses video, painting and photography to explore the gap between an individual's own perception of their identity and the perceptions of others.
